@prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix owl: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix gs1: . @prefix oec: . @prefix euppwr: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix skos: . @prefix vann: . @prefix schema: . # DPP Keystone (dpp-keystone.org), a peer DPP profile this module aligns with. @prefix dppk: . a owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "OpenEPCIS PPWR Vocabulary"@en ; dcterms:description """Vocabulary for the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (Regulation 2025/40, in force since 2025-02-11; general application from 2026-08-12; harmonised labelling per Article 12 from 2028-08-12; recyclability grading (Article 6, Annex II) mandatory from 2030-01-01 with Grade C minimum; Grades A/B only from 2038-01-01). This module is intentionally thin: nearly every PPWR data point reuses the GS1 Web Vocabulary packaging model (gs1:PackagingDetails, gs1:PackagingMaterialDetails, gs1:ReturnablePackageDepositDetails) plus the cross-cutting `oec:` and `untp:` vocabulary already lifted to common/core. Packaging-specific concepts only live here: - `euppwr:Packaging` (subClassOf gs1:PackagingDetails) - `euppwr:hasPackagingTier` (Sales / Grouped / Transport; Article 3) - `euppwr:hasRecyclabilityGrade` (A / B / C; Article 6, Annex II) - `euppwr:harmonisedSymbol` (URI of an Article 12 harmonised label entry) - `euppwr:designForRecyclingMethodology` (D4R methodology citation) - `euppwr:hasReuseInformation` / `euppwr:ReuseInformation` with `euppwr:hasReuseSystemScope` (local / national / Union-wide), `euppwr:reuseSystemName`, `euppwr:collectionPointsUrl`, `euppwr:averageRotationsEstimate` and the event-capable `euppwr:rotationCount` (Article 12(2) reuse QR data) - `euppwr:depositRefundIssued` / `euppwr:containerCondition` (deposit-return EPCIS observation properties) - `euppwr:RegulationTypeCode-PACKAGING_AND_PACKAGING_WASTE_REGULATION` (module-owned gs1:RegulationTypeCode member; the upstream code list has no packaging-waste entry) Material composition, recycling process, recycling-scheme membership, deposit amounts and consumer sorting instructions use the GS1 packaging terms directly (gs1:packagingMaterial, gs1:packagingMaterialType, gs1:packagingRecyclingProcessType, gs1:packagingRecyclingScheme, gs1:hasReturnablePackageDeposit, gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions). Recyclability scoring/rate, recycled content, reuse, compostability, bio-based content, hazardous substances, EPR, production site and the declaration of conformity all use existing `oec:` / `untp:` / `gs1:` terms. Alignment reference: GS1 in Europe White Paper "Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation and GS1 standards"."""@en ; dcterms:creator "OpenEPCIS" ; dcterms:license ; dcterms:created "2026-05-01"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-08-12"^^xsd:date ; owl:versionInfo "0.9.9" ; owl:versionIRI ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "euppwr" ; vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/ppwr/" ; dcterms:source ; owl:imports ; owl:imports . # ============================================================================= # Main class # ============================================================================= euppwr:Packaging a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf gs1:PackagingDetails ; rdfs:label "PPWR Packaging"@en ; rdfs:comment """A packaging item subject to EU Regulation 2025/40 (PPWR). Carrier for the regulation's labelling and DPP data points. Reached from a trade item via gs1:packaging (gs1:Product → gs1:PackagingDetails); when packaging is itself placed on the market as a trade item (e.g. an empty e-commerce carton), type the node as both gs1:Product and euppwr:Packaging. Use packagingTier for the sales/grouped/transport position; use recyclabilityGrade, gs1:packagingMaterial, gs1:packagingRecyclingProcessType, gs1:hasReturnablePackageDeposit, oec:recycledContent, oec:Compostability, oec:bioBasedFraction, etc. for the substantive declarations. Identified via gs1:gtin; reusable/returnable packaging assets use GRAI (AI 8003)."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; rdfs:seeAlso dppk:Packaging ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:packaging ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:PackagingMaterialDetails ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:ReturnablePackageDepositDetails ; skos:closeMatch dppk:Packaging ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. Subclass of gs1:PackagingDetails: the GS1 Web Vocabulary packaging model carries the material, recycling-process and deposit data points; this subclass adds only the PPWR-specific regulatory expressions (tier, grade, harmonised symbol). Aligns approximately with the DPP Keystone packaging card dppk:Packaging (material-composition oriented) vs this item-level class."@en ; skos:broadMatch gs1:PackagingDetails . # ============================================================================= # Packaging Tier (Article 3) # ============================================================================= euppwr:PackagingTier a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Packaging Tier"@en ; rdfs:comment """Position of the packaging in the consumption hierarchy per PPWR Article 3: sales (consumer-facing primary), grouped (secondary, multi-unit), or transport (tertiary, logistics)."""@en ; owl:oneOf ( euppwr:Sales euppwr:Grouped euppwr:Transport ) ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent."@en . euppwr:Sales a euppwr:PackagingTier ; rdfs:label "Sales Packaging"@en ; rdfs:comment "Primary packaging: consumer-facing point-of-sale unit (PPWR Art. 3(1)(b))."@en ; skos:notation "sales" . euppwr:Grouped a euppwr:PackagingTier ; rdfs:label "Grouped Packaging"@en ; rdfs:comment "Secondary packaging: groups multiple sales units, may be removed without affecting product (PPWR Art. 3(1)(c))."@en ; skos:notation "grouped" . euppwr:Transport a euppwr:PackagingTier ; rdfs:label "Transport Packaging"@en ; rdfs:comment "Tertiary packaging: facilitates handling/transport of grouped or sales packaging (PPWR Art. 3(1)(d))."@en ; skos:notation "transport" . euppwr:hasPackagingTier a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "Packaging Tier"@en ; rdfs:comment "Indicates whether the packaging is sales (primary), grouped (secondary), or transport (tertiary) per PPWR Article 3."@en ; rdfs:domain euppwr:Packaging ; rdfs:range euppwr:PackagingTier ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent."@en . # ============================================================================= # Recyclability Grade (Article 4, Annex II) # ============================================================================= euppwr:RecyclabilityGrade a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "PPWR Recyclability Grade"@en ; rdfs:comment """Recyclability performance grade per PPWR Article 6 and Annex II: design-for-recycling assessment per unit in weight — Grade A (≥ 95 %), Grade B (≥ 80 %), Grade C (≥ 70 %); below 70 % the packaging is considered technically non-recyclable. Grade C is the minimum to be placed on the EU market from 2030; from 2038 only Grades A and B may be placed. The detailed Annex II methodology is operator-side; the grade is the regulatory output."""@en ; owl:oneOf ( euppwr:GradeA euppwr:GradeB euppwr:GradeC ) ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "Packaging recyclability / circularity concept per the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso oec:CircularityPerformance . euppwr:GradeA a euppwr:RecyclabilityGrade ; rdfs:label "Grade A"@en ; rdfs:comment "Highest recyclability performance per PPWR Annex II: ≥ 95 % of unit weight recyclable."@en ; skos:notation "A" . euppwr:GradeB a euppwr:RecyclabilityGrade ; rdfs:label "Grade B"@en ; rdfs:comment "Recyclability per PPWR Annex II: ≥ 80 % of unit weight recyclable. Minimum grade from 2038."@en ; skos:notation "B" . euppwr:GradeC a euppwr:RecyclabilityGrade ; rdfs:label "Grade C"@en ; rdfs:comment "Lowest acceptable recyclability per PPWR Annex II: ≥ 70 % of unit weight recyclable. Minimum grade from 2030; cannot be placed on the market from 2038."@en ; skos:notation "C" . euppwr:hasRecyclabilityGrade a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "PPWR Recyclability Grade"@en ; rdfs:comment "PPWR Article 6 letter grade (A/B/C). Companion to oec:recyclabilityScore (numeric, JRC-style) and oec:recyclabilityRate (decimal fraction); use the grade for regulatory expression and a score/rate for the underlying methodology output."@en ; rdfs:domain euppwr:Packaging ; rdfs:range euppwr:RecyclabilityGrade ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "Packaging recyclability / circularity concept per the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40. gs1:packagingRecyclingProcessType RECYCLABLE carries a binary recyclability claim; the graded A/B/C output has no GS1 carrier. The substantiating assessment document can be referenced as a gs1:referencedFileURL entry typed gs1:ReferencedFileTypeCode-RECYCLABILITY_ASSESSMENT_CERTIFICATE."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso oec:CircularityPerformance ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:packagingRecyclingProcessType ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:ReferencedFileTypeCode-RECYCLABILITY_ASSESSMENT_CERTIFICATE . # ============================================================================= # Harmonised Symbol (Article 12) # ============================================================================= euppwr:harmonisedSymbol a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "Harmonised Symbol"@en ; rdfs:comment """URI / code reference of a harmonised PPWR Article 12 label that appears on the packaging: material-composition pictograms, separate-collection indicators, deposit-return labels, etc. The Commission establishes the harmonised labels by implementing acts (due 2026-08-12, applying from 2028-08-12); this property points to the catalogue entry. Until the implementing acts publish the label registry, use a documented placeholder URI."""@en ; rdfs:domain euppwr:Packaging ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. gs1:packagingMarkedLabelAccreditation is the nearest GS1 term for on-pack marks; it is a closed accreditation code list on gs1:Product and its definition explicitly excludes regulatory claims, whereas the Article 12 harmonised labels are regulatory markings identified by catalogue URI. Textual consumer sorting guidance travels separately in gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:packagingMarkedLabelAccreditation ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions ; skos:narrowMatch dppk:separateCollectionSymbol . # ============================================================================= # Regulation type code (module-owned gs1:RegulationTypeCode member) # ============================================================================= euppwr:RegulationTypeCode-PACKAGING_AND_PACKAGING_WASTE_REGULATION a gs1:RegulationTypeCode ; rdfs:label "Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PACKAGING_AND_PACKAGING_WASTE_REGULATION" ; rdfs:comment """Regulation (EU) 2025/40 on packaging and packaging waste (PPWR), replacing Directive 94/62/EC. Use as the gs1:regulationType of a gs1:RegulatoryInformation entry declaring PPWR compliance."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "Module-owned member of the gs1:RegulationTypeCode code list: the upstream list has no packaging-waste entry (gs1:RegulationTypeCode-PACKAGING_SAFETY_DIRECTIVE covers child-resistant packaging safety, not packaging waste). Candidate for upstream GS1 code-list submission."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:RegulationTypeCode-PACKAGING_SAFETY_DIRECTIVE ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:RegulationTypeCode-PLASTIC_DIRECTIVE . # ============================================================================= # Design-for-recycling methodology (Article 4 / Annex II supporting evidence) # ============================================================================= euppwr:designForRecyclingMethodology a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "Design-for-Recycling Methodology"@en ; rdfs:comment """Name and version of the design-for-recycling (D4R) assessment methodology substantiating a recyclabilityGrade, e.g. "RecyClass v2.6", "CEFLEX D4ACE", "APR Design Guide". Cited in the recyclability-grade declaration observation until the Commission's Annex II delegated acts prescribe the harmonised methodology."""@en ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute (Article 4 / Annex II supporting evidence). No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent for the methodology citation itself; the resulting assessment document can be referenced as a gs1:referencedFileURL entry typed gs1:ReferencedFileTypeCode-RECYCLABILITY_ASSESSMENT_CERTIFICATE."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso euppwr:hasRecyclabilityGrade ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:ReferencedFileTypeCode-RECYCLABILITY_ASSESSMENT_CERTIFICATE . # ============================================================================= # Reuse information (Articles 11, 12(2)) # ============================================================================= euppwr:ReuseInformation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reuse Information"@en ; rdfs:comment """Reuse data card of a reusable packaging item per PPWR Article 12(2): from 2029-02-12 reusable packaging must bear a reuse label plus a QR code or other standardised, open, digital data carrier making available further information on reusability, including the availability of a local, national or Union-wide re-use system, information on collection points, and the calculation of trips and rotations or, if that calculation is not feasible, an average estimation. Reusability itself is defined by the nine Article 11(1) criteria and demonstrated in the Annex VII technical information (Article 11(3)). Open-loop systems without a system operator per Annex VI are exempt from the label and QR duty (Article 12(3))."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. gs1:packagingRecyclingProcessType REUSABLE carries the reusability claim and oec:EndOfLifeProgram / oec:DepositReturnScheme carry waste take-back and deposit programmes; gs1:packagingRecyclingScheme records scheme membership as a closed code list of national deposit schemes. The Article 12(2) re-use-system data set (system scope, collection points, trips/rotations) has no GS1, SEMICeu, schema.org or oec carrier."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso oec:EndOfLifeProgram ; rdfs:seeAlso oec:DepositReturnScheme ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:packagingRecyclingProcessType ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:packagingRecyclingScheme . euppwr:hasReuseInformation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "Reuse Information"@en ; rdfs:comment "Links a reusable packaging item to its PPWR Article 12(2) reuse data card (re-use system, collection points, trips/rotations)."@en ; rdfs:domain euppwr:Packaging ; rdfs:range euppwr:ReuseInformation ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:hasReturnablePackageDeposit . euppwr:ReuseSystemScope a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reuse System Scope"@en ; rdfs:comment """Geographic availability of the re-use system a reusable packaging item participates in, per PPWR Article 12(2): "the availability of a local, national or Union-wide system for re-use"."""@en ; owl:oneOf ( euppwr:LocalSystem euppwr:NationalSystem euppwr:UnionWideSystem ) ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent."@en . euppwr:LocalSystem a euppwr:ReuseSystemScope ; rdfs:label "Local Re-use System"@en ; rdfs:comment "Re-use system available locally, e.g. a city or venue pool system (PPWR Art. 12(2))."@en ; skos:notation "local" . euppwr:NationalSystem a euppwr:ReuseSystemScope ; rdfs:label "National Re-use System"@en ; rdfs:comment "Re-use system available throughout one Member State (PPWR Art. 12(2))."@en ; skos:notation "national" . euppwr:UnionWideSystem a euppwr:ReuseSystemScope ; rdfs:label "Union-wide Re-use System"@en ; rdfs:comment "Re-use system available across the Union (PPWR Art. 12(2))."@en ; skos:notation "union-wide" . euppwr:hasReuseSystemScope a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "Reuse System Scope"@en ; rdfs:comment "Whether the re-use system the packaging participates in is available locally, nationally or Union-wide (PPWR Art. 12(2))."@en ; rdfs:domain euppwr:ReuseInformation ; rdfs:range euppwr:ReuseSystemScope ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent."@en ; skos:broadMatch . euppwr:reuseSystemName a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "Reuse System Name"@en ; rdfs:comment """Name of the re-use system or system operator (PPWR Annex VI) the reusable packaging participates in. Open-loop systems without a system operator per Annex VI are exempt from the Article 12(2) label and QR duty (Article 12(3))."""@en ; rdfs:domain euppwr:ReuseInformation ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. gs1:packagingRecyclingScheme covers the same scheme-membership idea for recycling with or without deposit; it is a closed code list (currently four Finnish schemes) and cannot name an arbitrary Annex VI re-use system operator, hence this free-text term."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso schema:provider ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:packagingRecyclingScheme . euppwr:collectionPointsUrl a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "Collection Points URL"@en ; rdfs:comment "URL of the directory or map of collection points where the reusable packaging can be returned into the re-use system (PPWR Art. 12(2))."@en ; rdfs:domain euppwr:ReuseInformation ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "Re-use collection points per PPWR Art. 12(2). oec:collectionPointDirectoryUrl carries the same idea but is domained to oec:EndOfLifeProgram (waste take-back); a re-use system is not an end-of-life programme, hence this term with an explicit anchor."@en ; skos:closeMatch oec:collectionPointDirectoryUrl . euppwr:rotationCount a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "Rotation Count"@en ; rdfs:comment """Number of trips/rotations a tracked reusable packaging item has accomplished. PPWR Article 12(2): the reuse QR code (or other standardised, open, digital data carrier) facilitates the tracking of the packaging and the calculation of trips and rotations. Deliberately domain-less: usable in the euppwr:ReuseInformation card and as an EPCIS event-level observation property (peer of euppwr:containerCondition) captured at return or refill."""@en ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso euppwr:averageRotationsEstimate . euppwr:averageRotationsEstimate a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "Average Rotations Estimate"@en ; rdfs:comment """Average estimation of the trips/rotations the reusable packaging accomplishes — the PPWR Article 12(2) fallback where per-item calculation is not feasible. The Commission's Article 11(2) delegated act (due 2027-02-12) will establish a minimum number of rotations for the most frequently reused packaging formats."""@en ; rdfs:domain euppwr:ReuseInformation ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso euppwr:rotationCount . # ============================================================================= # Deposit-return observation properties (Article 50, EPCIS event level) # ============================================================================= euppwr:depositRefundIssued a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "Deposit Refund Issued"@en ; rdfs:comment """Monetary amount refunded when a deposit-bearing packaging item is returned (PPWR Article 50 deposit-return systems). EPCIS event-level observation property, typically a sensorReport entry of a decommissioning event captured by a reverse-vending machine; the currency travels in the report's uom. The static deposit amount of the packaging model is resolver-served master data via gs1:hasReturnablePackageDeposit / gs1:returnablePackageDepositAmount."""@en ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. Event-bound refund amount; gs1:returnablePackageDepositAmount carries the model-level deposit, not the transaction."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso gs1:returnablePackageDepositAmount . euppwr:containerCondition a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "Container Condition"@en ; rdfs:comment """Observed physical condition of a returned packaging item at redemption or take-back, e.g. "intact", "crushed", "contaminated". Drives routing between reuse (washing/refill) and recycling streams in deposit-return and reuse systems (PPWR Articles 27, 50)."""@en ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; dcterms:source ; skos:note "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40 attribute. No GS1, SEMICeu, or schema.org equivalent."@en ; skos:broadMatch schema:itemCondition .