Battery

class

A self-contained energy-storage device whose Digital Product Passport falls in scope of EU Regulation 2023/1542. Use as the primary `type` discriminator on a Battery product (typically paired with `gs1:Product` for canonical JSON-LD dual-typing, e.g. `"type": ["Product", "Battery"]`). The Battery Regulation Art. 3 category (eubat:LMTBattery, EVBattery, IndustrialBattery, StationaryBattery, PortableBattery, SLIBattery) is carried by schema:category, or alternatively by gs1:additionalProductClassification; see eubat:BatteryCategory.

URI:https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/Battery

Upstream alignment

How this class and its properties align to external and upstream vocabularies. Open a vocabulary to see the exact term-by-term relationships.

GS170 terms SEMICeu5 terms Schema.org9 terms UNTP3 terms DPP Keystone31 terms CIRPASS-21 term GS1 Rail1 term BatteryPass SAMM44 terms BatteryPass-Ready3 terms EC BP Guidance36 terms

Properties (69)

	Description	Domain	Range		Vocabularies
authorizedServiceCenters Authorized Service Centers	URL to list of authorized service centers.	gs1:Product	`xsd:anyURI`	Authorized Only	—
batteryModelIdentifier Battery Model Identifier	Manufacturer-assigned identifier of the battery model, distinct from the human-readable eubat:batteryModel name. Required by the EU Battery Regulation Labelling Implementing Act and referenced in the carbon footprint declaration; enables every batch- and item-level attribute to be tied back to a model.	gs1:Product	`xsd:string`	Public	EC BP Guidance· #7
batteryPassportIdentifier Battery Passport Identifier	Unique identifier for the battery passport. Note: In this implementation, the primary identifier is the GS1 Digital Link (@id).	gs1:Product	`xsd:anyURI`	Public	BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #1
cadmiumSymbolRequired Cadmium Symbol Required	Whether Cd symbol is required (cadmium > 0.002% by weight).	gs1:Product	`xsd:boolean`	Public	EC BP Guidance· #41
ceMarkingIndicator CE Marking Indicator	Whether the battery bears CE marking.	gs1:Product	`xsd:boolean`	Public	—
criticalRawMaterialsStatement Critical Raw Materials Statement	Statement about critical raw materials content per EU CRM Act.	gs1:Product	`rdf:langString`	Public	EC BP Guidance· #15
dangerousGoodsPackingInstructions Dangerous Goods Packing Instructions	Packing instructions per IATA/ADR/IMDG regulations (e.g., PI965, PI966, PI967).	gs1:Product	`rdf:langString`	Public	—
dataProviderCertification Data Provider Certification	Certification or accreditation of the data provider.	gs1:Product	`xsd:string`	Authorized Only	—
dataQualityAssessment Data Quality Assessment	Assessment of data quality and completeness (A-E rating).	gs1:Product	`xsd:string`	Authorized Only	—
expectedNumberOfCycles Expected Number of Cycles	Manufacturer-declared expected number of full cycles.	gs1:Product	`xsd:integer`	Public	BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #31
extendedWarrantyAvailable Extended Warranty Available	Whether extended warranty is available for purchase.	gs1:Product	`xsd:boolean`	Public	—
hasBattery Has Battery	Links a product to one or more batteries it contains or is equipped with. Use this property to associate electric vehicles, power tools, energy storage systems, or any other product with its battery or batteries. Defined as subproperty of schema:hasPart for semantic web interoperability.	gs1:Product	gs1:Product	Public	—
hasBatteryChemistry Battery Chemistry	The electrochemical system of the battery including cathode, anode, and electrolyte composition.	gs1:Product	eubat:BatteryChemistry	Public	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #12
hasBatteryMass Battery Mass	Net mass of the battery. Use unitCode 'KGM' (kilogram) per UN/CEFACT Rec 20. Sub-property of gs1:netWeight to keep GS1-first.	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Public	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #10
hasCapacityFade Capacity Fade	Capacity degradation as a percentage of rated capacity, computed as ((rated − remaining) / rated) × 100. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'P1' (percent).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #52
hasCapacityThroughput Capacity Throughput	Cumulative capacity throughput. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'AMP_HR'.	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM
hasCarbonFootprintDeclaration Carbon Footprint Declaration	Carbon footprint declaration for the battery.	gs1:Product	eubat:CarbonFootprintDeclaration	Public	EC BP Guidance· #17
hasCellType Cell Type	Physical form factor of the battery cells.	gs1:Product	eubat:CellType	Public	—
hasComplianceStatus Compliance Status	Current regulatory compliance status of the battery.	gs1:Product	eubat:ComplianceStatus	Public	—
hasCycleCount Cycle Count	Number of full charge-discharge cycles. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'C62' (count).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #68
hasDismantlingAndRemovalInformation Dismantling and Removal Information	Reference to the dismantling and removal instructions document required by EU Battery Regulation Annex VIII §B.	gs1:Product	oec:DocumentReference	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM
hasDismantlingDocuments Dismantling Documents	Documents supporting battery dismantling per DIN DKE SPEC 99100.	gs1:Product	eubat:DismantlingDocument	Authorized Only	EC BP Guidance· #48
hasEndOfLifeInfo End of Life Information	Information required for safe handling, dismantling, recycling, and disposal at end of battery life.	gs1:Product	eubat:EndOfLifeInfo	Public	BatteryPass SAMM
hasEnergyThroughput Energy Throughput	Cumulative energy throughput. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'KWH'.	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM
hasEuDeclarationOfConformity EU Declaration of Conformity	The EU Declaration of Conformity for this battery, modelled as a cccev:Evidence supporting the EU Battery Regulation requirements. Carries the document URL (eubat:declarationOfConformity), the declaration ID (eubat:euDeclarationOfConformityId), and the notified body that signed off (eubat:hasNotifiedBody).	gs1:Product	cv:Evidence	Public	UNTP DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #42
hasEvolutionOfSelfDischarge Evolution of Self Discharge	Change in self-discharge rate. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'P1' (percent).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #65
hasExpectedLifetime Expected Lifetime	Manufacturer-declared expected service life of the battery. Use unitCode 'MON' (months) or 'ANN' (years) per UN/CEFACT Rec 20.	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Public	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM
hasHazardousSubstances Hazardous Substances	Hazardous substances present in the battery.	gs1:Product	eubat:HazardousSubstance	Public	DPP Keystone EC BP Guidance· #13
hasInternalResistance Internal Resistance	Battery internal resistance in Ohms. Use unitCode 'OHM' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	EC BP Guidance· #55 EC BP Guidance· #66
hasInternalResistanceIncrease Internal Resistance Increase	Percentage increase in internal resistance. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'P1' (percent).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #56
hasLabels Labels	Labels and markings on the battery per Annex VI.	gs1:Product	eubat:Label	Public	BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #40
hasManufacturingPlace Manufacturing Place	Location where the battery was manufactured. A oec:FacilityInformation (subClassOf gs1:Place) carrying GLN, certifications, and facility-specific identifiers.	gs1:Product	oec:FacilityInformation	Public	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #8
hasMaterialComposition Material Composition	Materials used in battery construction with their percentages, locations, and critical raw material status. Aligned with schema:hasPart for semantic web interoperability.	gs1:Product	eubat:BatteryMaterial	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #16
hasOperatorInformation Economic Operator Information	Non-identifier metadata of the economic operator responsible for the battery (Art. 38): name, postal address, contact point. The operator's identifier is carried separately by eubat:operatorIdentifier so the two can be exposed at different access levels (v1.3 separates them: identifier is restricted to authorities, information remains public).	gs1:Product	oec:OperatorInformation	Authorized Only	BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #2
hasPowerFade Power Fade	Power capability degradation as a percentage of original power capability, computed as ((original − remaining) / original) × 100. Use unitCode 'P1' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #54
hasRecycledContent Recycled Content	Declaration of recycled material content with breakdown by material type and pre/post-consumer sources.	gs1:Product	eubat:RecycledContent	Public	—
hasRemainingCapacity Remaining Capacity	Current maximum capacity. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'AMP_HR'.	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #62
hasRemainingEnergy Remaining Energy	Current maximum energy. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'KWH'.	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	BatteryPass SAMM
hasRemainingRoundTripEfficiency Remaining Round Trip Efficiency	Current round trip energy efficiency. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'P1' (percent).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #64
hasRepurposingEntity Repurposing Entity	Organization that performed the repurposing.	gs1:Product	gs1:Organization	Authorized Only	—
hasRoundTripEfficiencyFade Round Trip Efficiency Fade	Degradation of round trip efficiency, computed as ((initial RTE − remaining RTE) / initial RTE) × 100. Use unitCode 'P1' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #58
hasSelfDischargeRate Self Discharge Rate	Current self-discharge rate. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'P1' (percent per month).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM
hasSparePartSources Spare Part Sources	Sources for spare parts for the battery.	gs1:Product	gs1:Organization	Authorized Only	BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #47
hasStateOfCertifiedEnergy State of Certified Energy	SOCE ratio of remaining to certified usable energy. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'P1' (percent).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #61
hasStateOfCharge State of Charge	Current charge level as percentage. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'P1' (percent).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #71
hasStateOfHealth State of Health	Battery state of health as percentage of original capacity. Use unitCode 'P1' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20).	gs1:Product	gs1:QuantitativeValue	Authorized Only	—
hasSupplyChainDueDiligence Supply Chain Due Diligence	Supply chain due diligence information per Art. 39.	gs1:Product	eubat:SupplyChainDueDiligence	Public	EC BP Guidance· #19
hasTechnicalSpecifications Technical Specifications	Technical performance specifications including capacity, voltage, power, and lifetime parameters.	gs1:Product	eubat:TechnicalSpecification	Public	—
lastDataUpdate Last Data Update	Timestamp of the last update to the battery passport data.	gs1:Product	`xsd:dateTime`	Public	CIRPASS-2 BatteryPass SAMM BatteryPass-Ready
leadSymbolRequired Lead Symbol Required	Whether Pb symbol is required (lead > 0.004% by weight).	gs1:Product	`xsd:boolean`	Public	EC BP Guidance· #41
numberOfCells Number of Cells	Total number of cells in the battery pack.	gs1:Product	`xsd:integer`	Public	—
numberOfDeepDischargeEvents Number of Deep Discharge Events	Cumulative count of deep-discharge events recorded over the battery lifetime.	gs1:Product	`xsd:integer`	Authorized Only	—
numberOfModules Number of Modules	Number of modules in the battery pack.	gs1:Product	`xsd:integer`	Public	—
previousApplications Previous Applications	Description of previous use cases if battery is repurposed.	gs1:Product	`rdf:langString`	Authorized Only	—
puttingIntoService Putting Into Service	Date when the battery was first put into service.	gs1:Product	`xsd:date`	Authorized Only	BatteryPass SAMM
repurposingDate Repurposing Date	Date when the battery was repurposed.	gs1:Product	`xsd:date`	Authorized Only	—
repurposingGuidelines Repurposing Guidelines	URL to guidelines for battery repurposing.	gs1:Product	`xsd:anyURI`	Authorized Only	—
repurposingPotential Repurposing Potential	Assessment of battery suitability for second-life applications.	gs1:Product	`rdf:langString`	Authorized Only	—
resultOfTestReport Result of Test Report URL	URL to test report results.	gs1:Product	`xsd:anyURI`	Restricted	BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #50
safetyMeasures Safety Measures	End-of-life handling safety guidance: short text or URL fragment.	gs1:Product	`xsd:string`	Authorized Only	DPP Keystone EC BP Guidance· #49
separateCollectionSymbolUrl Separate Collection Symbol URL	URL to the crossed-out wheeled bin symbol.	gs1:Product	`xsd:anyURI`	Public	EC BP Guidance· #40
shippingName Proper Shipping Name	UN proper shipping name for dangerous goods transport.	gs1:Product	`rdf:langString`	Public	—
testReportNumber Test Report Number	Identifier of the test report.	gs1:Product	`xsd:string`	Restricted	EC BP Guidance· #50
timeSpentChargingDuringExtremeTemperaturesAboveBoundary Time Spent Charging During Extreme Temperatures Above Boundary	Cumulative time the battery spent charging above the upper temperature boundary, in minutes.	gs1:Product	`xsd:integer`	Authorized Only	BatteryPass SAMM
timeSpentChargingDuringExtremeTemperaturesBelowBoundary Time Spent Charging During Extreme Temperatures Below Boundary	Cumulative time the battery spent charging below the lower temperature boundary, in minutes.	gs1:Product	`xsd:integer`	Authorized Only	BatteryPass SAMM
timeSpentInExtremeTemperaturesAboveBoundary Time Spent in Extreme Temperatures Above Boundary	Cumulative time the battery spent above the upper temperature boundary, in minutes.	gs1:Product	`xsd:integer`	Authorized Only	BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #70
timeSpentInExtremeTemperaturesBelowBoundary Time Spent in Extreme Temperatures Below Boundary	Cumulative time the battery spent below the lower temperature boundary, in minutes.	gs1:Product	`xsd:integer`	Authorized Only	BatteryPass SAMM EC BP Guidance· #70
transportationSafetyClass Transportation Safety Class	UN transportation classification (e.g., UN3481, UN3480).	gs1:Product	`xsd:string`	Public	—
warrantyConditions Warranty Conditions	URL to warranty terms and conditions. For warranty duration, use gs1:warranty.	gs1:Product	`xsd:anyURI`	Public	EC BP Guidance· #35

Vocabulary alignment

Close match

DPP Keystone dppk:BatteryProduct · QA 0%

QA % is the verifier panel's confidence. Curated mappings graded by openai/gpt-oss-20b, verified by local QA panels per round (claude-opus-4-8 / qwen3.5-27b / qwen3-32b).

Referenced upstream terms

Loading external vocabulary...

Subclass Of

gs1:Product

Where used

In SHACL shapes (4)

BatteryShapetargets
BatteryShape-modeltargets
BatteryShape-batchtargets
BatteryShape-itemtargets

In example documents (10)

Master data & product examples

References

Source

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1542

JSON-LD Example

{
  "@context": "https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/battery-context.jsonld",
  "type": "Battery",
  "authorizedServiceCenters": "...",
  "batteryModelIdentifier": "...",
  "batteryPassportIdentifier": "..."
}